Knowledge Blog
The science behind
better skin.
Evidence-based guides by HALO physicians on skin ageing mechanisms, how treatments work at a cellular level, and what the research actually says.
Botox · Botulinum Toxin Type A
How Botox works: mechanism, prevention, and what makes dosing different
Botulinum toxin type A is one of the most studied compounds in aesthetic medicine. This guide covers the neuromuscular mechanism, the evidence for preventative treatment, masseter applications, and aftercare.
Botox · Masseter
Masseter Botox helps with jawline slimming, bruxism and tension headaches
One treatment, three distinct effects. How botulinum toxin in the masseter muscle addresses teeth grinding, reshapes the lower face, and relieves chronic jaw pain and headaches.
Biostimulators · DNA-Derived Regeneration
Polynucleotides: regeneration at the cellular level
DNA-derived fragments that stimulate your skin’s own repair mechanisms. How they work, how they differ from filler and Botox, and why results compound over time.
PRP · Skin Rejuvenation
PRP for skin, eyes, full face, and the growth factor cascade
How concentrated autologous growth factors rejuvenate the under-eye area and full face, targeting the specific mechanisms behind hollowing, pigmentation, and loss of skin quality.
PRP · Hair Restoration
PRP for hair: follicular stimulation and the science of hair loss
PRP activates dormant hair follicles via PDGF and FGF signalling. The biology of androgenetic alopecia, how platelet growth factors intervene, and what results look like.
Infusions · Cellular Energy & Longevity
NAD+ provides cellular energy and the ageing connection
A coenzyme essential to over 500 biological reactions, NAD+ declines by ~50% between ages 40 and 60. Why IV delivery matters, and what the research says.
Infusions · Systemic Skin Nourishment
The Skin Rejuvenation Infusion: systemic skin nourishment
A precision IV formulation targeting antioxidant defence, collagen synthesis, and cellular repair. Why topical products have fundamental limits.
Biostimulators · Collagen Induction Therapy
Microneedling: mechanical collagen induction explained
Controlled micro-injuries that trigger the skin’s wound-healing cascade. How the mechanism works, and why it pairs well with polynucleotides and PRP.
Skin Science · Fundamentals
The mechanisms of skin ageing: intrinsic, extrinsic, and what you can actually influence
Skin ageing is not a single process. This guide covers collagen decline, UV-driven photo-ageing, inflammaging, glycation, and the evidence behind daily sun protection as the highest-leverage intervention.
Skin Science · Chronic Inflammation
Inflammaging: how chronic inflammation accelerates skin ageing
Silent inflammation driven by sugar, sleep deprivation, and UV exposure quietly degrades skin over years. The biology and three evidence-based interventions.
Skin Science · Clinical Distinctions
Neuromodulators vs. fillers: A clinically important distinction
Often conflated, these two categories operate on different targets and carry fundamentally different risk profiles. Why HALO does not offer filler treatments.
Skin Science · UV Radiation
UV radiation and photo-ageing: the science of sun damage
UV accounts for an estimated 80 to 90% of visible facial ageing. How UVA and UVB damage skin at the molecular level, and why daily SPF is non-negotiable.
Skin Science · Evidence Review
Supplements for skin: what the evidence actually supports
From collagen peptides to Omega-3, Vitamin C, and polyphenols, what works, what is overstated, and what the clinical data shows.
Skin Science · Daily Practice
The evidence-based skincare routine
Most skincare advice is not evidence-based. This is. A practical guide to the actives with clinical proof behind them, what to use, when, and in what order.
Skin Science · Topical Treatments
Retinoids are the most evidence-backed agent in dermatology
Prescription retinoids are ~20× more potent than store-bought retinol. The mechanism, the evidence, and how to use them alongside clinical treatments.